A Survey of RST Invariant Image Watermarking Algorithms
In this article, we review the algorithms for rotation, scaling andtranslation (RST) invariant image watermarking. There are mainly two categories of RST invariantimage watermarking algorithms. One is to rectify the RST transformed image before conductingwatermark detection. Another is to embed and detect watermark in an RST invariant or semi-invariantdomain. In order to help readers understand, we first introduce the fundamental theories andtechniques used in the existing RST invariant image watermarking algorithms. Then, we discuss indetail the work principles, embedding process, and detection process of the typical RST invariantimage watermarking algorithms. Finally, we analyze and evaluate these typical algorithms throughimplementation, and point out their advantages and disadvantages.
DONG ZHENG YAN LIU JIYING ZHAO ABDULMOTALEB EL SADDIK
Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, School of InformationTechnology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5,Canada
digital image watermarking RST invariant fourier-mellin transform LPM ILPM radon transform feature points template matching moments
