China Science

The high-temperature strength and deformation behavior of ?/?? two-phase Co–Al–W-base alloys have been studied with polycrystalline and single-crystal materials. The ternary, quaternary and higher-order alloys containing Ta, Cr and/or Re exhibit flow stress anomalies above 873 K due to slip of pairs of 1/21 1 0 superpartial dislocations on {0 0 1} planes, in addition to {1 1 1} planes, in the ?? precipitates. Compression tests on the single-crystal specimens reveal a true anomalous peak temperature of 1073 K for both ternary and Ta-containing quaternary alloys. Above the peak, the ternary alloy exhibits a rapid decrease in strength with temperature, as 1/21 1 0 dislocations bypass the ?? precipitates without significant shearing. Conversely, the Ta-containing quaternary alloy sustains strength to higher temperatures due to the activation of 1/31 1 2 partial dislocation slip that introduces a high density of stacking faults in the ?? precipitates.

Akane SuzukiaEmail:suzukia@ge.com?Tresa M. Pollockb
[a]GE Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA;[b]Department of Materials Science; Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

A special mechanism of dislocation nucleation in deformed nanocrystalline metals and ceramics is theoretically described. The mechanism represents non-local homogeneous nucleation of a nanoscale loop of “non-crystallographic” partial dislocation whose Burgers vector magnitude continuously grows during the nucleation process. The dislocation loop nucleation is accompanied by nucleation and evolution of a generalized stacking fault bounded by the loop. It is shown that the special mechanism can effectively produce nanoscale loops of lattice dislocations in nanocrystalline metals (Al, Ni) and ceramics (3C–SiC) deformed at high mechanical stresses achieved in shock-wave and indentation load regimes.

M.Yu. Gutkin aEmail:gutkin@def.ipme.ru?I.A. Ovid’koa
[a]Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj 61, Vasilievskii Ostrov, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia

This study examined the relative effectiveness of three structural approaches to reducing team size. Seventy-one five-person teams engaged in a simulated interactive task in which the approach to downsizing was manipulated. Results suggest that the structural approaches to reducing team size differentially impact team performance, and this relationship is mediated by how and to what degree teams adapt their task-related behaviors. Moreover, results from this study emphasize the importance of team composition in cases of team downsizing. Specifically, emotional stability and extraversion can help mitigate the negative effects associated with reducing team size.

DeRue, D. Scott1 dsderue@umich.edu?Hollenbeck, John R.2 jrh@msu.edu?Johnson, Michael D.3 mdj3@u.washington.edu?Ilgen, Daniel R.4 ilgen@msu.edu?Jundt, Dustin K.5 jundtdus@msu.edu
[1]Associate Professor of Management and Organizations at the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan;[2]Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad Graduate School of Business Administration at Michigan State University;[3]Assistant Professor of Management and Organization at the University of Washington Business School;[4]John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor of Industrial-Organizational Psychology and Management at Michigan State University;[5]Doctoral Candidate in Industrial-Organizational Psychology at Michigan State University

Research on multinational corporations (MNCs) and host government political risk in developing countries has largely ignored local electoral politics, economic policies, and the MNC investment incentives they may generate. In response, I develop and test a framework for understanding MNC risk and investment behavior based on political business cycle considerations. Analyses of 408 MNC investments worth $199 billion in 18 developing countries holding 35 presidential elections from 1987 through 2000 are consistent with these considerations: MNCs perceive higher (lower) risk and announce fewer (more) investment projects as right-wing (left-wing) incumbents appear more likely to be replaced by left-wing (right-wing) challengers.

Vaaler, Paul M.1 vaa10001@umn.edu
[1]Associate Professor of International Business at the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management

The HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa has far-reaching implications for governance and development. In addition to killing millions of individuals and causing serious economic contractions, the pandemic threatens structural transformations in African economies, institutions and governance. (more…)

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary aspiration of vegetable matter may be a serious cause of lung damage, requiring, almost always, the help of a histopathologic examination. CASE: We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with a granulomatous pneumonitis due to repeated pulmonary aspiration of vegetable particles and affected by a syringomyelia. (more…)

ACSM s health & fitness journal
1091-5397, Volume 4, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 17-19

Lamont, Linda S.

Abstract Combined arm-leg ergometers are popular exercise devices. The Airdyne cycle ergometer promotes cardiovascular fitness by using a unique system for applying mechanical resitance. This article presents step-by-step instructions on how to write a precription for exercise using the airdyne.