China Science

Conclusions The viscoelastic properties of the cream formulations were tested by 2 methods (ie, increased stress; increased frequency tests). The rheology experiments indicate that the formulations are stable; they show resistance to external forces, as their elastic properties are sustained whether or not the magnitude or frequency of external forces are increased. The results show that rheological properties of the formulations are affected by the proportion of the oil phase; the amount of carbomer in the aqueous phase, but the effect of monocaprin is modest. Increasing carbomer amount increases viscosity; elasticity. Increasing the oil volume fraction increased the structural stability of the creams. The formulation containing monocaprin, which yielded the most viscoelastic structure was a cream containing 10% oil phase; 0.5% carbomer (Formulation 9).

Thórunn ósk Thorgeirsdóttir1Email:tthorgeirsdottir@actavis.com?Halldór Thormar2?Thórdís Kristmundsdóttir1
[1] Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Iceland, Hagi, Hofsvallagtu 53, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland ;[2] Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of reaspiration cytology in benign nodular thyroid disease. DESIGN: We prospectively studied 400 patients (365 women, 35 men) aged 46 years (18-89) with nodular thyroid disease and initial benign fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). (more…)

Cheng,T; Dai,C; Gan,RZ

Abstract The tympanic membrane or eardrum of human ear transfers sound waves intomechanical vibration from the external ear canal into the middle ear and cochlea. Mechanicalproperties of the tympanic membrane (TM) play an important role in sound transmission through theear. (more…)

McDonnell,P; McHugh,PE; O”Mahoney,D

Abstract Vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis commonly occur under non-traumaticloading conditions. This problem affects more than 1 in 3 women and 1 in 10 men over a lifetime.Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) has traditionally been used as a method for diagnosis ofvertebral osteoporosis. However, this method does not fully account for the influence of changes inthe trabecular bone quality, such as micro-architecture, tissue properties and levels ofmicrodamage, on the strength of the vertebra. Studies have shown that deterioration of the vertebraltrabecular architecture results in a more anisotropic structure which has a greater susceptibilityto fracture. (more…)

Lu,X; Kassab,GS

Abstract The vasoactivity of blood vessel is impaired by cardiovascular disease. Theex-vivo measurements of vasoactivity (wire and pressure myographs) have some inherent difficultiesin the characterization of pharmacodynamics and biomechanics. Here, we introduce a novel isovolumicmyograph which allows simultaneous measurement of both dynamic pressure and dimensional changesduring vasoconstriction or vasodilation. (more…)